Abstract
Objectives: The current study was planned to evaluate the phytochemical analysis of chloroform, ethanolic extracts and acute toxicity study of the root of Argemone mexicana.
Methods: The soxhalate extraction and standard methods were used for extractions and phytochemical analysis. The drug was administration orally and animal’s observed from cage side observations. Animals were anesthetized with ether anesthesia, blood was collected from orbital puncture and analysis was made by standard methods. Various organs were collected, weighted and transferred to cassettes. Fixation was made with 10% buffered formalin and processed for histological embedding by Carleton's histological techniques. Statistical data were analyzed by statistical software Sigma Plot 10.
Results: The phytochemical analysis of ethanol extract revealed presence of alkaloids, amino acids, phenolics and fatty acids and chloroform extract revealed presence alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids and phytosterols. The oral acute toxicity study showed no noticeable clinical signs of toxicity and mortality during 14 days of the study period. No statistically significant alterations in body weights, organ weights and hematological parameters compared to control group. The microscopic anatomy of the liver and the reproductive organs showed a normal architecture.
Conclusions: We conclude that the outcome of the present study may add scientific information of ethanolic, chloroform extracts and acute toxicity study of the root of Argemone mexicana to the system of medical specialization. Ethanolic extract of root of Argemone mexicana was found to be nontoxic up to 5000 mg/kg body weight, so the LD50 is greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight.
References
WHO. Traditional Medicine Strategy 2002-2005. Geneva, 2002.
Mamta Saxena, Jyoti Saxena, Rajeev Nema, Dharmendra Singh, Abhishek Gupta. (2013). Phytochemistry of medicinal plants. J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 1: 168-182.
Shirish S. Pingale. (2013). Toxicity study for Argemone mexicana L. World J Pharm Sci. 1: 151-155.
Ugbabe GE, Ezeunala MN, Edmond IN, Apev J, Salawu OA. (2010). Preliminary phytochemical, antimicrobial and acute toxicity studies of the stem bark and the leaves of a cultivated Syzygium cumini Linn. (Family: Myrtaceae) in Nigeria. Afr J Biotechnol. 9: 6943-6947.
Glauco Morales, Adrian Paredes, Alberto Olivares and Jaime Bravo. (2014). Acute oral toxicity and anti-inflammatory activity of hydroalcoholic extract from Lampaya medicinalis Phil in rats. Biological Research. 47: 6.
Narviya MB, Parmar P, Shukla VJ, Ravishankar B. (2011). Toxicological study of Balakaturbhandrika churna. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2: 79-84.
Rashid Ali, Raisuddin Ali, Abhinav Jaimini, Dhruv Kumar Nishad, Gaurav Mittal, Om Prakash Chaurasia, et al. (2012). Acute and sub acute toxicity and efficacy studies of Hippophae rhamnoides based herbal antioxidant supplement. Indian J Pharmacol. 44: 504–508.
Goutam Brahmachari, Dilip Gorai, Rajiv Roy. (2013). Argemone mexicana: chemical and pharmacological aspects. Rev Bras Farmacogn Braz J Pharmacogn. 23: 559-575.
Charles Lekhya Priya, Kokati Venkata Bhaskara Rao. (2012). Ethanobotanical and current ethanopharmacological aspects of Argemone mexicana Linn: An overview. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 3: 2143-2148.
Saurabh Rajvaidhya, B.P. Nagori, G.K. Singh, B.K. Dubey, Prashant Desai, Sanjay Jain. (2012). A review on Argemone mexicana Linn. An Indian medicinal plant. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 3: 2494-2501.
M. S. Saranya, T. Arun, P. Iyappan. (2012). In vitro antibacterial activity and preliminary phytochemical analysis of leaf extracts of Argemone mexicana Linn – a medicinal plant. Int J Curr Pharm Res. 4: 85-87.
N.R. Dey, K.C. Das, Yogender Rai. (2008). Argemone mexicana. A multicentric double blind Homeopathic pathogenetic trial (Drug Proving) carried out by CCRH. Indian J Res Homeopathy.2: 13-18.
Rekha Sharanappa, Vidyasagar G.M. (2014). Plant profile, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Argemone mexicana Linn. A review. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 6: 45-53.
Selvaraj Varun,Sudha Sellappa. (2014). In vitro screening of phytochemicals and anticancer activity of Argemone mexicana leaf extract. World J Pharm Res. 3: 547-556.
Perumal P, Sekar V, Rajesh V, Gandhimathi S, Sampathkumar R, Shuja Nazimudin K.H. (2010). In vitro antioxidant activity of Argemone mexicana roots. Int J PharmTech Res. 2: 1477-1482.
Prashant Tiwari, Bimlesh Kumar, Mandeep Kaur, Gurpreet Kaur, Harleen Kaur. (2011).Phytochemical screening and extraction: A review. Int Pharm Sci. 1: 98-106.
Palanisamy P, Jayakar B, Kumuthavalli MV, Yoganath Kumar, Srinath KR. (2012). Preliminary phytochemical evaluation of whole plant extracts of Dipteracanthus prostratus nees. Int Res J Pharm. 3: 150-153.
OECD/ OCDE, OECD Guideline for testing of chemicals, acute oral toxicity- Acute toxicity class method, 423. Adopted 17th December, 2001.
H.M Carleton's. Histological technique. 5th Ed. USA: Oxford University Press; November 6, 1980.
Satheesh Kumar Bhandary , Suchetha Kumari N. , Vadisha S. Bhat, Sharmila K.P., Mahesh Prasad Bekal. (2012). Preliminary phytochemical screening of various extracts of Punica granatum peel, whole fruit and seeds. Nitte University Journal of Health Science. 2: 34-38.
T. Ozcan, A. Akpinar-Bayizit, L. Yilmaz-Ersan, B. Delikanli. (2014). Phenolics in Human Health. Int J Chem Eng Appl. 5: 393-396.
Shashank Kumar and Abhay K. Pandey. (2013). Chemistry and Biological activities of flavonoids: An overview. Scientific World J. 2013; doi:10.1155/2013/162750.
Abhishek Kumar Sah, Vinod K. Verma. (2011). Syzygium cumini: An overview. J Chem Pharm Res. 3: 108-113.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2020 Array