Abstract
The knowledge about the Teratogenic drugs is crucial while prescribing medications to the pregnant women. Treating epileptic pregnant women is always challenge as most of antiepileptic drugs are potent teratogens and the increase of seizures and alterations in drug clearance further complicates the medication advice to pregnant women with seizure disorder. The present experimental study used fresh fertilized white leg horn chicken eggs to know the effects of carbamazepine and phenytoin administration during critical period of organogenesis i.e. on 5th day of incubation. Control eggs were injected distilled water and the study group were injected by various doses of drug concentration in distilled water. Chick embryos were collected on 19th day of incubation, first gross malformation were observed and recorded. Liver tissue has been collected from chick embryos for histological study. High mortality rate observed in chick embryos treated with higher dose of drug concentration. Hepatic damage, loss of normal architecture of liver, vacuolations, dilated central vein, inflammatory infiltration with significant portal inflammation observed. The mortality rate with more number of gross malformations recorded in phenytoin administered group than carbamazepine.
References
Perucca, P; Gilliam, FG (September 2012). "Adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs.” Lancet neurology 11 (9): 792–802.
Tomson T, Battino D, Bonizzoni E, et al. Dose-dependent risk of malformations with antiepileptic drugs: an analysis of data from the EURAP epilepsy and pregnancy registry. Lancet Neurol. Jul 2011; 10(7):609- 617.
Massey K M, Teratogenic effects of diphenylhydantoin sodium, j oral /theraPharmacol, 2 (1966) 380.
Johnston M C, Sulik K K and Duley K H, Dipheynylhydantoin induced cleft lip and palate in A/J mice, J Dental Res, 57(1987) 326.
Elshore D J, Cleft palate in offsprings of female mice treated with phenytoin, Lancet, 2 (1969) 1074.
National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (January 2012). "Chapter 4: Guidance". The Epilepsies: The diagnosis and management of the epilepsies in adults and children in primary and secondary care. NationalClinical Guideline Centre. pp. 57–83.
Bittigau P, Sifringer M, Genz K, Reith E, Pospischil D, Govindarajalu S, Dzietko M, Pesditschek S, MaiI, Dikranian K, Olney JW, Ikonomidou C: Antiepileptic drugs and apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing brain. ProcNatlAcadSci U S A;99:15089–15094, 2002.
"TEGRETOL® (carbamazepine)". TGA Business Services. NOVARTIS Pharmaceuticals Australia Pty Limited. 17 June 2013. Retrieved 18 November 2013.
Hiremath GK, Kotagal P, Bingaman W, Hovinga C, Wyllie E, Morris H, et al., Risk factors for carbamazepine elevation and toxicity following epilepsy surgery. Seizure 2005; 14:312-317.
Sutcliffe AG, Jones RB, Woodruff G. Eye malformations associated with treatment with carbamazepine during pregnancy. Ophthalmic Genet 1998; 19:59-62.
Berman E., Chacon L., House D., Koch BA., Koch WE., Leal J., Lovtrup S., Mantiply E., Martin AH., Martrucci GI., Mild KH., Monahan JL., Sandtrom M., Shamsaifar K., Tell R., Trillo MA., Ubeda A., Wagner P. Development of chicken embryos in a pulsed magnetic field. Bioelectromagnetics 1990; 11: 169- 187.
Waddington C H: Experiments on the development of chick and duck embryos, cultivated in vitro. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B-Containing Papers of a Biological Character 1932, 221:179-230.
Temiz C, Temiz P, Demirel A, Say?n M, Umur AS, Ozer FD:Effect of sodium phenytoin concentration on neuraltube development in the early stages of chicken embryodevelopment. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience 16:307–311,2009.
M Singh et al., (2000). “Teratogenic effects of dilantin on thoraco-abdominal organs of developing chick embryos”. Indian J Exp Biol. 2000 Oct;38(10):1026-30.
Tureci E et al., (2010). The effects of valproic acid and levetiracetam on chicken embryos. J ClinNeurosci. 2011 Jun;18(6):816-20.
Singh M, Shah GL.Teratogenic effects of phenytoin on chick embryos. 1989 Nov;40(5):453-8.
Shah GL et al. The teratogenic effect of dilantin on cerebellum in developing chick embryos. Journal of the Anatomical Society of India. 1988 Apr; 37(1): 1-8.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2020 Array